Optics exam2 and problem solutions physics tutorials. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Find the distance from the object to the lens, and the distance of the image to the lens, by subtracting out the distance from the lens to the eye. A spherical mirror consists of a small section of the surface of a sphere with one side of the surface covered with a polished reflecting material, usually silver or aluminum. This physics video tutorial provides the ray diagrams for a concave and convex mirror. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. The goal of the experiment is to be able to analyze ray diagrams so as to determine fundamental properties of image formation. Distances from lenses to imaginary objects and imaginary images are negative. Mirrors and lenses the focal point for a mirror is 56cm behind the mirror. Concave lenses video geometric optics khan academy. This property has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries.
A system of lenses and or mirrors forms an image by gathering rays from an object and then causes them to converge or diverge. Concave lenses, geometrical optics from alevel physics. Lenses concave and convex apparatus selection of lenses, collimated light source, e. This chapter deals with various mirrors flat, concave, and convex and their properties. Theory analysis of the geometry in ray diagrams for spherical curved mirrors and thin concave. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.
Mirrors, which have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays, also form images. A mirror is an optical element that reflects the light incident on it. Concave mirrors and convex mirrors ray diagram equations. The most apparent distinction between mirrors and lenses are that mirrors reflect light rays light bounces back while light rays are refracted passthrough through a lens. One of the easiest shapes to analyze is the spherical mirror. Advanced physics with vernier beyond mechanics vernier. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use.
Concave mirrors concave mirrors, the mirror equation, the anatomy of a curved mirror, principal axis, center of curvature vertex, focal point, radius of curvature, focal length. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. At certain distances objects will appear virtual whereas other locations will cause an image to appear larger, inverted, real, or erect. So just remember, concave has the word cave in it so i always imagine that its kind of caving inwards caving inwards its a little bit of an exaggerated drawing but you get. Physics stack exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. They should try to describe any images they form in terms of magnification, upright or inverted, real or virtual. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as xrays, microwaves.
We know that light shows both the particle and wave characteristics. That is, they diverge parallel rays of light from a focus, producing a virtual image. Lenses of many different types are used in optical devices such as cameras, eyeglasses, microscopes, telescopes, and projectors. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Confused on mirrorlens sign conventions physics forums. Curved mirrors are fun, and so is a description of their physics. Sir, i am confused on what sign conventions to follow. In the simulation, there is no bending when light moves from the air into the eye when most of the actual bending happens. Kids learn about lenses and light in the science of physics including concave, convex, converging, diverging, focal point, meniscus, and plano lenses.
The lens of your eye or a camera collects and focuses light and forms an image on retina or a piece of film or digital detector. Now apply the thin lens equation to determine focal length. The diagrams on on page 4 of the accompanying pdf show a pencil placed at five different locations in front of a diverging lens. You will see applications of these principles during lectures next week. Mirrors and lenses reflection we describe the path of light as straightline rays reflection off a flat surface follows a simple rule. It bends light further away in the middle, more like the inside of a bowl. Homework resources in mirrors and lenses physics science. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. Advanced physics with vernier beyond mechanics is the second of a twovolume set of experiments for the more indepth introductory physics course, such as college physics, ap physics, or ib physics. Experiments are designed for an interactive teaching style, with planned moments for instructor or studentled discussion. Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. Just how much do you know about the different types of lenses and mirrors. Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
Place the light source, a converging lens, and the screen in holders along the optical bench. They also enable millions of people to see clearly and read comfortably. Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light. A compound microscope has two convex lenses, separated by 10. Recall that if the image is on the same side of the lens as the object, then image distance is negative. How to solve physics problems mirrors and lenses problems. Two concave mirrors are placed on same principal axis. Convex lenses, geometrical optics from alevel physics tutor. To make a mirror, all you need is a polished piece of shiny material.
Once youve got that the answer follows from the geometry of reflection or refraction by properly shaped mirrors and lenses. Todays reading is long because lenses and mirrors are very similar, so we will discuss their theory at the same time. Its actually possible to roughly predict what an image produced by a mirror will look like using just pen and paper. The educational encyclopedia, physics, optics, lenses. Two types of image formed by mirrors are real image and virtual image. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. Ifthe outside, or convex surface, is silvered, we have a convex mirror. Convex lens and concave lens are two basic types of lenses. Etkinagentilevan heuvelen process physics 1e ch 22 221 chapter 22. Two different types of mirror are concave and convex mirror with different properties. Weve talked a lot about convex lenses, so i thought i would do a quick video on concave lenses, although there arent as many combinations of what a concave lens can do. In this trivia questions quiz, you will get to learn some more about the different lenses and mirrors and how they differ from each other.
The subject of mirrors and lenses is difficult to treat briefly first because for a thorough discussion there needs to be considerable attention to sign convention and second because different instructors and. Ray, coming from first mirror turns back with same path after reflecting from second mirror. Telescopes, microscopes, cameras, projectors, your eyes, all have one thing in common. A mirror will have only one focal point, which is in front of the mirror. However, in this unit we will learn the particle characteristics of the light. This is a simulation demonstrating the optics of the human eye. Ray hits the vertex of mirror 1 and reflects with same angle. There are two types of lenses, and they each change the perspective of how things look. Lecture notes optics pdf 57p this note covers the following topics. We will talk about how these things work using the following. There are standard and innovative uses for mirrors. I reffered 5 or six books which says that focal length of convex mirror is positive and focal length of concave mirror is negative.
Real image is formed when the light reconvenes and always inverted i. Exploring images with thin lenses and mirrors 1 of 20 introduction. Some of the topics will be covered in this unit are. Hi muhannad, mirrors are some of the simplest devices to make and also some of the most useful. How images appear depends on the proximity of objects to the mirror. Physics 106 lab lenses and mirrors physics dept home.
Using a ruler or other straight edge and the ray tracing methods described in this section, locate and draw the image of the pencil. A lens is a transparent device with two curved surfaces, usually made of glass or plastic, that uses refraction to form an image of an object. It also shows how various lenses can be used to correct for faulty vision. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air. All downloads are covered by a creative commons license. All four types of concave lens are diverging lenses. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. Images from mirrors and lenses byu department of physics. You will also verify the mirror and lens equation and the magnification formula by direct measurement of the positions of object and image. Spherical lenses problems the physics hypertextbook.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Physics test study guide teachers license dubai uae. Fix the position of the source and lens, and then adjust the position of the screen until a sharply defined image is formed on it. Typically such a mirror is not a complete sphere, but a spherical cap a piece sliced from a larger imaginary sphere with a single cut. It also contains a few examples and practice problems along with the equations needed to solve it. You will discover the difference between real and virtual images as we draw ray tracing diagrams to show how images are formed by spherical mirrors. These are free to download and to share with others provided credit is shown. Optics optic is one of the branch of physics which deals with the light and properties of it. Physics mirrors are where light can be reflected and reconvened to form images. You may be familiar with simple lenses and how they form images. A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic designed to refract light in a specific.
Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. The primary goals are to understand the relationship between image distance, object distance, and image scale. Determine the focal length of the lens experimentally. A group of physics students placed a candle in front of a thin, converging.